CSF1（巨噬細胞集落刺激因子-1）是一種由多種細胞產生的細胞因子，能夠促進巨噬細胞的增殖、分化、生存和功能。近期的研究表明，CSF1在多種疾病中的發生和發展中起到了重要作用，例如類風濕性關節炎、結腸癌和肥胖癥等。此外，CSF1還被發現可以促進神經元的發育和修復，有望作為神經退行性疾病的治療靶點。

Cytokine that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development. Required for normal male and female fertility. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration. Plays a role in lipoprotein clearance.

1. In glioblastoma, colony-stimulating factor-1 and angiocrine IL-6 induce robust arginase-1 expression and macrophage alternative activation, mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-dependent transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha. PMID: 29422647
2. M-CSF serves as an intermediate signal, thus inducing a vital decrease in the NPR2 levels in cumulus cells, and regulates the process of LH-induced resumption of meiosis. PMID: 28978329
3. Findings revealed that stress-induced elevations in neuronal CSF1 provokes microglia-mediated neuronal remodeling in layer 1 medial prefrontal cortex, contributing to synaptic deficits and development of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Moreover, chronic stress exposure elicited divergent neuroimmune responses in male and female mice, demonstrating sex-dependent differences in neuron-microglia interactions. PMID: 28697890
4. PLEKHO2-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages displayed increased apoptotic cell death in the absence of Macrophage-colony stimulating factor, although PLEKHO2 deficiency did not affect macrophage differentiation and proliferation. PMID: 28627369
5. lymphatic endothelial cells cause bone destruction in vivo in mice by secreting M-CSF, which promotes osteoclasts formation and activation. PMID: 28052488
6. address which CSF-1-activated pathways are involved in transmitting the lineage-instructive signal in primary bone marrow-derived GM progenitors. PMID: 28159742
7. study concludes that M-CSF is critical to host defenses against bacterial pneumonia by mediating survival and antimicrobial functions of mononuclear phagocytes in the lungs and liver. PMID: 27183631
8. study, therefore, provided insights into the sequence-structure-function relationships of the M-CSF/c-FMS interaction and of ligand/receptor tyrosine kinase interactions in general. PMID: 28655719
9. Therefore, our findings indicate that CSF1 signaling is oncogenic during gliomagenesis through a mechanism distinct from modulating glioma-associated microglia/macrophage polarization status PMID: 27013192
10. study concludes that Langerhans cells require IL-34 when residing in fully differentiated and anatomically intact skin epidermis, but rely on neutrophil-derived CSF1 during inflamma PMID: 26634935
11. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Metabolic Differences Between Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) Grown Macrophages Derived from Murine Bone Marrow Cells PMID: 26229149
12. Hematopoietic cells can be induced by M-CSF to dedifferentiate to multipotent stem cells. PMID: 26529564
13. M-CSF promotes macrophagic over granulocytic differentiation by inducing ERK activation but also PKCd expression, which in turn, down-regulates Fli-1 expression and prevents granulocytic differentiation. PMID: 26336156
14. Results identify CSF-1-activated macrophages as crucial mediators of detrimental Schwann cell dedifferentiation in Cx32-deficient mice PMID: 25628221
15. Ceramide production in M-CSF-deprived macrophages arises from a combination of ASMase activity and de novo synthesis. PMID: 26253821
16. CSF-1 did not rescue the growth and lung defects associated with hyperoxia in this model; however, an increase in CSF-1R+ macrophages was not associated with an exacerbation of lung injury. PMID: 25192716
17. CSF-1 neutralization led to a relatively uniform reduction in all inflammatory cell populations; GM-CSF neutralization resulted in the preferential loss among the monocyte/macrophage populations. PMID: 26019271
18. The results of this study indicated that the CSF1 overexpression observed in CNS pathologies likely has pleiotropic influences on microglia. PMID: 25042473
19. FoxO1 is highly expressed in M-CSF-derived (M2-like) macrophage subsets, and this M2-like macrophages showed a preferential FoxO1 enrichment on the IL-10 promoter but not in GM-CSF-derived (M1-like) macrophages PMID: 25420919
20. CSF-1 has a role in macrophage mediation of chronic graft-versus-host disease PMID: 25157821
21. tumor cells TACE-shed MCSF promotes angiogenesis through activation of the NF-kappaB pathway in macrophages and the subsequent release of VEGF. PMID: 24197832
22. these findings reveal a role for CSF-1 in mediating the IL-3 hematopoietic pathway through monopoiesis, which regulates expansion of CD11c+ macrophages. PMID: 24743235
23. Tbx3 plays an important role in osteoclastogenesis at least in part by regulating CSF1-dependent expression of JDP2. PMID: 24394418
24. in lung cancer bone metastasis, regulates tumor cell proliferation, cancer stem-like cells, and osteoclastic bone resorption PMID: 24468794
25. data may explain the association of the P72 variant and the CSF1/CSF1R pathway with increased senescence and radio-resistance in some epithelial tumor types PMID: 24019961
26. Pulsed ultrasound enhanced autocrine secretion of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which subsequently activated the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway to promote melanoblast migration. PMID: 23725022
27. The IL-4 pathway of proliferation may have developed as an alternative to CSF-1 to increase resident macrophage numbers without coincident monocyte recruitment. PMID: 24101381
28. the feline CSF-1R was cloned and the responsiveness to CSF-1 and IL-34 from a range of species, was examined. PMID: 23260168
29. Differentiated signaling between IL-34 and CSF-1 is likely achieved by the relative thermodynamic independence of IL-34 versus negative cooperativity of CSF-1 at the CSF-1 receptor recognition sites. PMID: 22579672
30. Identify donor/recipient cell surface colony stimulating factor-1 signaling as promoter of neointimal formation in transplant-associated arteriosclerosis. PMID: 23117661
31. CSF-1-mediated expansion and polarization of resident renal macrophages/dendritic cells is an important mechanism mediating renal tubule epithelial regeneration after acute kidney injury. PMID: 23143303
32. Data suggest that membrane-bound CSF1 is not required for estrogen-deficiency bone loss; in contrast, soluble CSF1 isoform could play a key role in this pathologic process. PMID: 22105655
33. Study results provide a mechanistic explanation for the involvement of CSF-1 in glioblastoma progression and indicate that inhibition of CSF-1R signaling could provide a novel approach to limiting glioblastoma invasion PMID: 22294205
34. Postnatal neocortical expression showed that CSF-1 was expressed in layer VI, whereas IL-34 was expressed in the meninges and layers II-V. PMID: 22542597
35. CSF-1 deficiency decreased macrophage infiltration by approximately 50% during all stages of RT2 tumor progression. PMID: 21822305
36. Results point to a novel link between CSF-1 and osteocyte survival/function that is essential for maintaining bone mass and strength during skeletal development. PMID: 21958845
37. Intrarenal expression of csCSF-1 and spCSF-1 increases with advancing nephritis, thereby promoting the intrarenal recruitment of monocytes and expansion of Ly6C(hi) macrophages, which induce apoptosis of the renal parenchyma. PMID: 21885670
38. Coordinate regulation of tissue macrophage and dendritic cell population dynamics by CSF-1. PMID: 21825019
39. Matured macrophages by M-CSF play pivotal role by scavenging endotoxin in inflammation. PMID: 20189586
40. Splenic CSF-1-dependent F4/80-(highly expressed) Mac-1-(low expressing) macrophages (MPhis) are a subpopulation of red pulp MPhis that regulate peripheral immune homeostasis. PMID: 21239712
41. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances collateral artery growth and reduces infarct volume in a mouse model of brain ischemia, similarly to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stumulating factor (GM-CSF). PMID: 21257824
42. M-CSF-induced hepatic macrophages play an important role in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. PMID: 20031174
43. Data suggest that the CSF-1 pathway contributes to monocyte recruitment and macrophage survival and that this pathway is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. PMID: 20194110
44. The different spatiotemporal expression of IL-34 and CSF-1 allows for complementary activation of the CSF-1R in developing and adult tissues. PMID: 20504948
45. Transcriptional effects of colony-stimulating factor-1 in mouse macrophages. PMID: 19758725
46. Compressive force induces osteoclast differentiation by increasing M-CSF production and decreasing OPG production via PGE(2) in osteoblasts. PMID: 20001844
47. Genomic DNA from SB-induced astrocytoma tissue was extracted and transposon insertion sites were identified. Insertions in the growth factor gene Csf1 were found in 13 of the 21 tumors. PMID: 20388773
48. macrophage-colony-stimulating factor activates Src family kinases and Cbl proteins, and subsequently, induces NFATc1 degradation during osteoclast differentiation. PMID: 20037154
49. Studies demonstrated that increased CSF-1 production by host cells enhances TAM recruitment and NB growth. PMID: 19711348
50. Colony-stimulating factor 1 has a role in establishing early endometriotic lesions. PMID: 18990370

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A defect in Csf1 is the cause of osteopetrosis. Osteopetrotic mice (op/op) are severely deficient in mature macrophages and osteoclasts, display failed tooth eruption, and have a restricted capacity for bone remodeling.

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Processed macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1]: Secreted, extracellular space.

KEGG: mmu:12977

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000014743

UniGene: Mm.795