Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis. Induces cartilage and bone formation. Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR2. Once all three components are bound together in a complex at the cell surface, BMPR2 phosphorylates and activates BMPR1A. In turn, BMPR1A propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target genes. Can also signal through non-canonical pathways such as ERK/MAP kinase signaling cascade that regulates osteoblast differentiation. Stimulates also the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway by stimulating EIF2A phosphorylation which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation.

1. The transfecting capability of a BMP-2 specific vector is examined and supports the idea that BMP-2 might diminish osseointegration and implant fixation. PMID: 21762501
2. While BMP2 expression begins at (pregastrulation) stage 1 in the hypoblast, BMP4 expression commences--distinctly delayed compared to the mouse--diffusely at (pregastrulation) stage 2; from stage 3 onwards. PMID: 21881976
3. Maxillary sinus floor elevation using BMP-2 gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells and TCP in rabbits PMID: 21584647
4. Data show that BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7, noggin, and chordin were colocalized in rimming osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes. PMID: 21099737
5. BMP2 is not suitable to regenerate osteochondral lesions completely PMID: 19185914

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Secreted.

TGF-beta family

KEGG: ocu:100009349

STRING: 9986.ENSOCUP00000010036

UniGene: Ocu.2192