Acts as a substrate for the production of iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The synthesis of T3 and T4 involves iodination of selected tyrosine residues of TG/thyroglobulin followed by their oxidative coupling. Following TG re-internalization and lysosomal-mediated proteolysis, T3 and T4 are released from the polypeptide backbone leading to their secretion into the bloodstream. One dimer produces 7 thyroid hormone molecules.

1. Findings suggest that coumestrol treatment may have some beneficial actions against thyroid-specific thyroglobulin (Tg) autoantibody production in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis through suppression of Th1 response. PMID: 27384679
2. these data identify for the first time a Tg T cell epitope as a spontaneous target in ISAT. PMID: 24879795
3. Final acquisition of secretory competence includes conformational maturation in the interval between linker and hinge segments of region I of thyroglobulin. PMID: 21816825
4. The results showed that thyroglobulin message or protein is not expressed in placenta, decidua, or ovary in any stages of pregnancy. PMID: 20236260
5. Findings demonstrate a novel aspect of murine and human thyroid autoimmunity, namely breaking B cell self-tolerance occurs first for Tg and subsequently for TPO. PMID: 20573721
6. These results indicate that Runx2 deficiency in mice causes decreased Tg expression and a novel type of hypothyroidism. PMID: 20375239
7. Development of iodine-accelerated autoimmune thyroiditis in NOD.H2h4 mice is not associated with enhanced iodine organification or differential B- or T-cell responses to iodinated determinants in Tg. PMID: 20687399
8. specific properties of distinct Tg ChEL mutants may result in distinct patterns of Tg monomer folding PMID: 20353937
9. Five novel autoimmune thyroiditis-causing T cell epitopes of thyroglobulin (Tgn) have been delineated and mapped with an algorithm that predicts Tgn immunopathogenic peptides containing I-A(k)-binding motifs. PMID: 12391254
10. iodotyrosyl formation in normal thyroglobulin confers pathogenic potential to certain peptides that may otherwise remain innocuous and undetectable by conventional mapping methods PMID: 16547286
11. Tg could initiate glomerular injury by reproducing the actions of TGF-beta1 in the mesangial cell. PMID: 17495424
12. Data indicate that the R19K mutation induces local misfolding in the amino-terminal domain of Tg that has global effects on Tg transport and thyroid hormonogenesis. PMID: 17916655
13. Together these results suggest that a unique low molecular weight variant of Tg is expressed in the kidney, where it could serve both physiological and pathological roles, including that of an autoantigen. PMID: 19716808

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Defects in Tg are the cause of some forms of goiter. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. The variant Pro-2283 exhibits a defect in exit from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Secreted.

Type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family

Specifically expressed in the thyroid gland.

KEGG: mmu:21819

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000070239

UniGene: Mm.441333