α2-巨球蛋白（α2-MG）是一種血漿蛋白，在人體各種生理和病理狀態(tài)下發(fā)揮著多種生物學(xué)功能。以下是α2-MG的最新研究進(jìn)展：

Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region, a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase.

1. Serum alpha2MG levels might reflect endothelial dysfunction evaluated by flow-mediated dilation in patients with chronic stroke or cardiovascular risk factors PMID: 29093276
2. The blood coagulation pathway may be a key regulatory network pathway contributing to the allergic inflammatory response in AR patients. A2M, which is regulated by STAT3, may be an important protein in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis in AR patients. PMID: 27228572
3. Proteomics study showed a strong association of FN1, A2M, C4BPA and CFB in molecular subtypes of breast cancer, in which, C4BPA and A2M demonstrated a potent signature in blood plasma and tissue samples of Luminal-B (LB) and Triple-negative (TN)subtypes in BC patients, respectively. PMID: 27498393
4. BBB disruption is present in ACS, and elevated levels of IL-6 and C3 in CSF in diffuse NPSLE PMID: 29036223
5. Case Reports: inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the lung containing a chimeric A2M-ALK gene categorized as a specific type of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor that develops exclusively in neonates and infants. PMID: 28705706
6. The plasma level of alpha2M was found positively correlated, while HCII level was negatively correlated with higher vulnerability of carotid plaques. Both proteins were efficient in differentiating stable and vulnerable carotid plaques. These provide potential new targets for the research of carotid plaque vulnerability. Plasma alpha2M and HCII may be potential biomarkers for evaluation of the vulnerability of carotid ... PMID: 28087279
7. Stabilizers during pasteurization improved alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha2-M) activity by more than 300% points compared with the unstabilized control. PMID: 28215695
8. Data show that low that low globulin (GLB) levels were significantly associated with favorable survival, and low ALB levels were associated with a significantly worse survival . PMID: 26476541
9. This work demonstrates that alpha2M*/CS-GRP78 acts as an upstream regulator of the PDK1/PLK1 signaling axis to modulate c-MYC transcription and its target genes, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for targeting c-MYC-associated malignant progression. PMID: 27002159
10. Meta-analysis. Our data indicate that the rs669 (A/G) polymorphisms in A2M gene are associated with increased risk in Parkinson disease. PMID: 25495992
11. These data demonstrate that alpha2M* and LRP1 modulate the BKCachannel in human myometrium and that BKCaand its immunomodulatory interacting partners regulate Ca(2+)dynamics in hMSMCs during pregnancy. PMID: 27044074
12. we identify a single serum factor, alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M), which is both required and sufficient for rosetting mediated by the parasite protein P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 protein HB3VAR06 and some other rosette-mediating PfEMP1 proteins PMID: 26134405
13. A2M is expressed in the vasculature and NR4A receptors modulate VSMC MMP2/9 activity by several mechanisms including the up-regulation of A2M. PMID: 25809189
14. Data indicate that the expression of salivary alpha2 macroglobulin (alpha2-M) showed a remarkable increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which may be associated with functional disorders of the salivary gland. PMID: 25867373
15. A2M is not the only biological candidate gene for AD determination PMID: 25574746
16. Alpha2M causes neurodegeneration in a p75(NTR)- and proNGF-dependent manner. PMID: 26217017
17. there is no enough evidence for associations of A2M gene polymorphisms (5 bp I/D, Ile1000Val) with Alzheimer's disease risk PMID: 24756728
18. phosphorylating the T-loop Akt residue Thr(308) by PDK1 requires Raptor of the mTORC1 complex as a platform or scaffold protein. PMID: 24516643
19. genetic variation within the A2M gene influences CSF Ab42 levels. PMID: 24011543
20. alpha2M is a specialized chaperone that prevents the extracellular accumulation of misfolded and potentially pathogenic proteins, particularly during innate immune system activity PMID: 24799681
21. FEIgG and alpha2m/C are powerful predictors of outcome and responsiveness to steroids and cyclophosphamide; their predictive value, if validated in prospective studies, may be useful in clinical practice PMID: 24093110
22. There is no statistically significant difference in allele or genotype frequencies between patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease and control subjects for the A2M polymorphism. PMID: 23186781
23. Eosinophil activation occurred in early and late responses after L-ASA NPT in upper airway mucosa of AERD patients, where ApoA1, alpha2M and CP as well as CysLT may be involved in eosinophilic inflammation. PMID: 23786280
24. A model is proposed that suggests that unlike proteases, which are irreversibly bound to activated alpha2M, hepcidin remains labile and available to down-regulate Fpn1. PMID: 23846698
25. alpha2macroglobulin stimulates endothelial and early cardiac muscle differentiation of embryonic stem cells through generation of induction of FGF-2 expression. PMID: 23379699
26. Serum monomeric alpha2-macroglobulin is highly expressed in many diabetic subjects. PMID: 23535567
27. While activated alpha-2-microglobulin (AA2M) ligates only one GRP78 receptor molecule per AA2M, it may potentially serve as a reservoir for release of up to four binding fragments per molecule. PMID: 23721263
28. Oxidative stress and the levels of endogenous plasma prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) inhibitor alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) decrease PREP activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID: 23643808
29. IGFBP-2 associates with alpha2-macroglobulin in the blood circulation. PMID: 23397525
30. [review] alpha2M has many diversified and complex functions but is primarily known by its ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of proteases without the direct blockage of the protease active site. PMID: 23086799
31. protease-activated alpha2M has two mechanisms for inhibiting amyloid formation: via protease-alpha2M-mediated degradation of amyloidogenic substrates and by a chaperone action that prevents misfolded clients from continuing along the amyloid forming pathway. PMID: 23353684
32. inhibitory activity of Aeromonas sobria serine protease by alpha2-macroglobulin PMID: 23089609
33. Complexes between alpha2-macroglobulin and urokinase were detected in alveolar edema fluids as well as in lungs of patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome where they were located mainly in close proximity to epithelial cells. PMID: 23064953
34. an isoform of ASP cleaved proteins more in plasma and was inhibited by human alpha(2)-macroglobulin more slowly than single-chain ASP PMID: 22971340
35. investigation of secondary structure and thermal stability of recombinant bodhesin 2, a spermadhesin from seminal plasma PMID: 22541546
36. alpha-2-macroglobulin (a2M) deficiency develops from catabolism of a2M in androgen-dependent advanced prostate cancer patients PMID: 22576683
37. Ethnicity affects the genetic association of A2M with rheumatoid arthritis in South Asian and Caucasian patients living in East Midlands/United Kingdom. PMID: 20401725
38. We observed that the most informative biomarkers for predicting significant liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients were blood levels of alpha2-macroglobulin and hyaluronic acid PMID: 21971609
39. Identify a novel transcriptional regulatory element contributing to the up-regulation of alpha2M during replicative senescence. PMID: 21541797
40. alpha2-macroglobulin is neurotoxic by inhibiting neuroprotective activity of nerve growth factor via TrkA receptors. PMID: 21642630
41. dimeric alpha2M as well as tetrameric alpha2M may play an important role in controlling beta2-m amyloid fibril formation PMID: 21216953
42. The chaperone action of alpha-2-macroglobulin targets prefibrillar species to inhibit amyloid formation PMID: 19074141
43. The chaperone action of alpha-2-macroglobulin inhibits the toxicity and uptake of A beta in human cerebrospinal fluid PMID: 19472074
44. The extracellular chaperone alpha-2-macroglobulin is likely to help control amyloid formation and toxicity in vivo PMID: 18075673
45. Alpha-2-macroglobulin is an extracellular chaperone PMID: 18171086
46. statistically significant evidence of interaction between the polymorphisms in A2M, SLC6A4 and UCHL1 genes (global P = 0.0107, for the best model) and the risk for PD. PMID: 20861575
47. LRP1-C/T, A2M-Ile/Val and APOE-epsilon 2/epsilon 3/epsilon 4 polymorphisms are associated with AD. PMID: 20637261
48. Reduced expression of alpha-2 macroglobulin and complement factor B was detected in sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID: 20575108
49. Haplotype -88G/25G might play a protective role in the development of SAD, and the protective effects of -88G and 25G were independent of APOEvarepsilon4 allele. PMID: 20493925
50. Galectin-3 Binding Protein and Alpha-2 macroglobulin were differentially expressed on DVT patients in microparticles extracted from platelet-poor plasma PMID: 20156641

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Secreted.

Protease inhibitor I39 (alpha-2-macroglobulin) family

Secreted in plasma.

HGNC: 7

OMIM: 103950

KEGG: hsa:2

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000323929

UniGene: Hs.212838